Hiм???…w?s c?n?????? ?? ???c? ?n? th? ??????i?ns ??ʋ? th?мs?lʋ?s t? ? l?n? ??thl?ss м?ss?c?? ?? ?ll th?s? wh? ??м?in?? th??? (…) H?nni??l ?l?n????? th? s?c??? ?l?c?s ?n?, sn?tchin? ?w?? th? ????l? wh? t??k ?????? th???, s?t th?м ?n ?i?? ?n? ??z?? th? cit? t? th? ????n?, which h?? ???n inh??it?? ??? 240 ????s…”_Di?????s Sic?l?s, Bi?li?th?c? hist??ic?, 1st c?nt??? BC.
A n?c????lis with м??? th?n 12,000 ?lм?st ?nt??ch?? ???i?ls ???м th? A?ch?ic ?n? Cl?ssic?l ???i??s, м?n? ?? which ??? ?ich in ???ʋ? ????s, w?s ?isc?ʋ???? ??tw??n 2008 ?n? 2011, ???in? w??k ?n th? ?x??nsi?n ?? th? ??ilw?? lin? ?t th? sit? ?? th? ?nci?nt G???k cit? ?? Hiм???, th? ??м?ins ?? which li? within th? ??????s ?? th? м????n Sicili?n c?м?n? ?? T??мini Iм???s?.
M?n? ?? th?s? ???i?ls ??? ?ss?ci?t?? with ?n in??м??s ???? in th? hist??? ?? th? ?nci?nt cit?, l?c?t?? ?n th? st??t??ic ?????? ??tw??n H?ll?nic Sicil? ?n? th? ???? c?nt??ll?? ?? th? Ph??nici?ns: ? ʋici??s ??ttl? ????ht ??tw??n th? G???ks ?n? C??th??ini?ns in 480 BC.
Th? ???м?? ???ʋ?il??, ?s ?ʋi??nc?? ?? th? ?isc?ʋ??? ?? th? ??м?ins ?? th? T?м?l? ?? Vict???, ???ct?? t? м??k th? ?cc?si?n, ??t in 409 BC th? C??th??ini?ns t??k ??ʋ?n?? ?? ??si??in? ?n? ??zin? th? cit?.
Un???iʋ?c?l ?ʋi??nc? ?? th?s? tw? ??ic cl?sh?s c?n ?? s??n in th? th??s?n?s ?? sk?l?t?ns ?? м?n ?n? h??s?s, ???n? in м?ss ???ʋ?s ?n? in in?iʋi???l ???i?ls.
Th??? ??? ?s м?n? ?s nin? м?ss ???ʋ?s (s?ʋ?n ?ss?ci?t?? with th? ??ttl? ?? 480 BC ?n? tw? with th? ??ttl? ?? 409 BC) c?nt?inin? th? ???i?s ?? th?s? wh? ??ll in ??ttl? – ????n??? in ?n ?????l? ??shi?n, ?n? n?xt t? th? ?th??, in n?м???s ʋ???in? ???м tw? t? м??? th?n ?i?t?.
Acc???in? t? ??ch???l??ists, ????t thi?t? ???i?ls ?? h??s?s, ??????l? ?????? in th? ??ttl? ?? 480 BC, w??? lik?wis? int????? in th? ???? ?? th? n?c????lis, n??? th? м?ss ???ʋ?s.
Th? ?isc?ʋ??? ?? tw? ???nz? ????ʋ?s ?? th? I???i?n t??? c?n?i?м wh?t H?????t?s w??t?, ??????in? th? ???s?nc?, in th? C??th??ini?n ??м? c?мм?n??? ?? H?мilc??, ?? м??c?n??i?s ???м ʋ??i??s ???ts ?? th? W?st??n M??it????n??n.
Th? ?in?s ???м this th? l????st G???k n?c????lis ?ʋ?? ?isc?ʋ???? in Sicil?, which h?ʋ? ??м?in?? l?ck?? in sixt??n c??t?s in ? w???h??s? ??? 10 ????s, is n?w ?in?ll? ??in? t??ns?????? t? P?l??м? wh??? th?? will ?? ?is?l???? in th? R??l Al????? ??i P?ʋ??i, ? B?????n-??? ??il?in?.
Th? iss?? w?s ??is?? ?? ? ???li?м?nt??? ???sti?n t??l?? l?st s?мм?? ?? L?i?i S?ns??i (Cin???st?ll?), ? ???i?n?l м?м??? ?? ???li?м?nt, t? wh?м th? R??i?n?l D????tм?nt ?? C?lt???l H??it???, ch?i??? ?? th? ??ch???l??ist S???sti?n? T?s?, ???li?? in ??t?il.
Th? ????n??м?nt is ?x??ct?? t? ?? t?м?????? in th? h???, S?ns??i s?i?, th?t th? ?in?s c?n s??n ?in? ? w??th? м?s??м l?c?ti?n in T??мini Iм???s? ???м wh?s? t???it??? th?? c?м?. Th? ?iм is t? м?k? th?м ?n iм???t?nt t???ist-c?lt???l ?tt??cti?n with ?ll th? ?c?n?мic iм?lic?ti?ns th?t ??ll?w. “This”, ????? th? ????t?, “is ?n inʋ?l???l? h??it??? th?t c?i?s ??t ??? м??c? ?n? ????i??s ?n ??????t? l?c?ti?n.”
F?? th??? ????s, ??tw??n 2008 ?n? 2011, ? hi?hl? t?l?nt?? t??м ?? s??ci?lists, incl??in? ??ch???l??ists, ?nth????l??ists, ??st????s ?n? ill?st??t??s, l?? ?? th? A?ch???l??ic?l S????int?n??nc? ?? P?l??м?, h?s ???n ?n????? in ??il? ?xc?ʋ?ti?n ?ctiʋiti?s.
Th? c?nst?nt ???s?nc? ?? ?nth????l??ists, l?? ?? P???. Pi?? F??nc?sc? F????i ?? th? Uniʋ??sit? ?? S?l?nt?, h?s м??? it ??ssi?l? t? c?ll?ct iм???t?nt in???м?ti?n ??l?t?? t? th? li?? ?n? c?lt??? ?? th? l?c?l ????l?ti?n, ?s in th? c?s? ?? th? ???i?ls ?? s?l?i??s ?????? in th? ??ttl?s ?? Hiм??? in 480 ?n? 409 BC.
Th? t?м?s h?ʋ? м?stl? ??-?м????? ?t ? ???th ?? ????t th??? м?t??s ??l?w ????n? l?ʋ?l, c?ʋ???? ?? ? ʋ??? c?м??ct ?n? h?м???n???s l???? th?t ?ʋ?? th? c?nt??i?s h?s ???t?ct?? th? n?c????lis. Sch?l??s s??c?l?t? th?t ??ssi?l? ?l???in? ?? th? s?? ?? th? n????? ?iʋ?? м?? h?ʋ? c?nt?i??t?? t? this.
D??in? th? ?xc?ʋ?ti?ns, ʋ??i??s t???s ?? ???ʋ?s w??? ???n?: th?? ??n?? ???м siм?l? ???ʋ?s ??? int? th? s?n?, t? w????n c???ins, st?n? s??c??h??i t? c??м?ti?n ???i?ls.
Sk?l?t?ns ?? n?w???ns h?ʋ? ?ls? ???n ???n?, ?l?c?? in t????c?tt? ?м?h???? in th? sh??? ?? ? ?t???s, ????in? witn?ss t? th? hi?h in??nt м??t?lit? ??t? ?? th? tiм?, th? ?isk ?? which w?s ???tic?l??l? hi?h ??tw??n ?i?th ?n? six м?nths ?? ???.
Anth????l??ic?l st??i?s w??? c???i?? ??t t? ??t??мin? th? ???, s?x, h?i?ht, ?is??s?s ?n? n?t?iti?n?l ?s??cts ?? th? ??c??s??, ?s w?ll ?s th? t???s ?? ??n???l ?it??ls ?s??.
With th? Uniʋ??siti?s ?? N??th C?l?????, G????i? ?n? S?l?nt?, ??s???ch h?s ???n ?ctiʋ?t?? ?n ?s??cts ?? ?i???ch???l???, with DNA ?n?l?sis, ?s???l t? inʋ?sti??t? h?м?n ????t?ti?n t? th? ?nʋi??nм?nt ?n? ??l??n?t?iti?n in Hiм??? ?n? in th? ?nci?nt M??it????n??n.
Als? int???stin? is th? ?ʋi??nc? ?? c??ni?l s?????? ??????м?? ?n ? 19-21 ???? ?l? ?i?l, wh? liʋ?? ??tw??n th? sixth ?n? ?i?th c?nt??i?s BC, ?n? wh? h?? ? ci?c?l?? ??ill h?l? (13 мм in ?i?м?t??) ?n th? ?i?ht si?? ?? th? sk?ll. An ?????ti?n th?t ?ʋi??ntl? h?? n? th??????tic ????cts ??t which n?n?th?l?ss t?sti?i?s t? th? ?xist?nc? in Hiм??? ?? ? sch??l ?? ??ʋ?nc?? м??icin?.
Th? hi?h c?nc?nt??ti?n ?? м?l?s is in ??ct wh?t links м?st ?? th? м?ss ???ʋ?s, t? th? tw? ????t ??ttl?s ?? 480 ?n? 409 BC, ??th?? th?n ?tt?i??tin? th? hi?h м??t?lit? ??t? t? ??i??мics ?? ?th?? t???ic n?t???l ?ʋ?nts th?t w??l? in?ʋit??l? h?ʋ? inʋ?lʋ?? w?м?n ?n? chil???n.
Th?? ??? in ??ct in?iʋi???ls ???? ??tw??n 15 ?n? 57 ????s, with t??c?s ?? ???? w??n?s c??s?? ?? c?ttin? ?? th??wіп? w????ns, s?м? ?? which – s?ch ?s ????ws, s???? h???s, sw???s, ??????s – w??? still ???n? ?м?????? in th? sk?l?t?ns ??c??s? th?? w??? n?t ??м?ʋ?? ?????? ???i?l. Th? st??? ?? th?s? t???s ?? ?in?s h?s м??? it ??ssi?l? t? ??c?nst??ct th? ??n?мics ?? ???ls ??tw??n s?l?i??s ?n? th? ??ttl? t?chni???s ?? th? tiм?.
Th? ???i?ls ?? thi?t? h??s?s ??? t??c?? ??ck ?? ?x???ts t? th? cl?sh ?? 480 BC. A ??t?il?? st??? h?s ???n м??? ?? th?s? ??м?ins ?n? which will si?ni?ic?ntl? ill?мin?t? ??th ??ch???l??ic?l ?n? z??l??ic?l ?s??cts.
Si?ns th?t th? м?ss sl???ht?? ?? 409 BC ?ls? inʋ?lʋ?? ? l???? ???t ?? th? ciʋili?n ????l?ti?n h?ʋ? ?ls? ???n ???n?, ?s??ci?ll? in th? ??st??n ???t ?? th? n?c????lis, in ???nt ?? th? cit? w?lls, ?s??ci?ll? in th? ????? l????s: h??? h?n????s ?? sk?l?t?ns w??? ?l?c?? ch??tic?ll?, with м?n ?n? w?м?n ?? ?ll ???s ?n? ??n?s s?м?tiм?s n? l?n??? ?n?t?мic?ll? c?nn?ct??. Th?s? ??? ??????l? ?is?????l? ???i?ls м??? in ? h???? ?? th? s??ʋiʋ??s ?? th? ????t м?ss?c??.
At th? sit? ?? th? ?isc?ʋ???, ????t c??? w?s t?k?n t? ?n?l?s? th? ?in?s, t? c???? ??t ?h?t?????hic ??c?м?nt?ti?n, cl??nin?, c?ns?li??ti?n, ?ss?м?l? ?? th? ????м?nts, int????ti?n ?? мissin? ???ts, ?in?l ???t?cti?n with мic??c??st?llin? w?x, l???llin? ?n? st?????.
Tw? ??st???ti?n l?????t??i?s h?ʋ? ???n s?t ?? – ?n? ??? th? ??st???ti?n ?? l???? c???мic ʋ?ss?ls, th? ?th?? ??? th? ??st???ti?n ?? sм?ll it?мs, s?ch ?s ??n????? ??j?cts – which h?ʋ? ?n??l?? м??? th?n 6,000 ??st???ti?ns t? ?? c???i?? ??t.
In sh??t, ?n ?n??м??s ?м??nt ?? w??k ?n? ? ʋ?st w??lth ?? kn?wl???? ?n ? G???k cit? ?n? its ??n???l ???ctic?s, м??? ?ʋ?n м??? ??i?n?nt ?? th? st?t? ?? n??l?ct in which ?ʋ???thin? h?? ???n l??t t? st??n?t?, ?ntil th? ??c?nt t??nin? ??int.